Jugoslávia (Jugoslavija)
Jugoslávia
1 Dec 1918 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes
3 Oct 1929 Kingdom of Yugoslavia
17 Apr 1941 state dissolved under Italian-German occupation
4 Dec 1943 state reconstituted as Democratic Federative Yugoslavia while
negotiations with royal government in exile continued
5 Mar 1945 accord with royal government
2 Dec 1945 Federative People's Republic of Yugoslavia
7 Apr 1963 Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia
27 Apr 1992 Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro only)
23 Jul 1997 - 7 Oct 2000 Slobodan Milosevic (b. 1941)
7 Oct 2000 - Vojislav Kostunica (b. 1944)
ministers
14 Jul 1992 - 9 Feb 1993 Milan Panic (b. 1929)
9 Feb 1993 - 19 May 1998 Radoje Kontic (b. 1937)
19 May 1998 - 4 Nov 2000 Momir Bulatovic (b. 1956)
4 Nov 2000 - 24 Jul 2001 Zoran Zizic (b. 1951)
24 Jul 2001 - Dragisa Pesic (b. 1954)
Savezna Republika Jugoslavija (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia)
The province Kosovo of the Yugoslav republic of Serbia is under United Nations interim administration.
Executive:
Federal President: Vojislav Koštunica (2000) DOS-DSS
Federal Prime minister: Dragisa Pesic (2001) SNP
The federal president is elected for a four year term by the people. The federal government was formed by DOS, SNP and Serbian People's Party of Montenegro.
President: %
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24 september 2000 |
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Vojislav Koštunica |
Demokratska Stranka Srbije |
50.2 |
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Slobodan Miloševic |
Socialisticka Partija Srbije |
37.2 |
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Vojislav KOSTUNICA |
2,470,304 |
50.2 |
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Slobodan Milosevic |
1,826,799 |
37.1 |
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Tomislav Nikolic |
289,013 |
05.9 |
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Vojislav Mihajlovic |
145,019 |
02.9 |
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Miroljub Vidojkovic |
45,964 |
00.9 |
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Vece Gradana (Conselho dos Cidadãos) |
24 september 2000 (108 membros eleitos pelos sérvios e 30 pelo Montenegro) |
138 |
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Demokratska Opozicija Srbije |
DOS Oposição Democrática da Sérvia Democratic Opposition of Serbia 1,437,856 67.0 178 Others 113,927 05.3 - --------------------------------------------------------- 2,145,510 250
|
58 |
43.9 |
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Christian-Democratic Party of Serbia (DHSS) 7 4 |
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Demokratska stranka |
Partido Democrático (centrista) |
46 |
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Demokratska Stranka Srbije
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Partido Democrático da Sérvia (nacionalista moderado) |
45 |
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Gradanski Savez Srbije
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Aliança Cívica da Sérvia (liberal) |
9 |
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Demokratski Centar
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Centro Democrático |
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Demokratska alternativa |
Alternativa Democrática |
6 |
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Nova Demokratija |
Nova Democracia |
9 |
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Demohrišcanska stranka Srbije |
Partido Cristão Democrático da Sérvia |
7 |
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Socijaldemokratska Unija |
União Social Democrata |
4 |
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Liga socijaldemokrata Vojvodine |
Liga Social Democrata da Vojvodina |
6 |
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- Savez vojvodanskih Madara (see below)
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Reformska Demokratska Stranka Vojvodine |
Partido da Reforma Democrática da Vojvodina |
4 |
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Socijaldemokratija |
Social Democracia |
9 |
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Koalicija Vojvodina |
Coligação Vojvodina |
4 |
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Pokret za demokratsku Srbiju |
Movimento para uma Sérvia Democrática |
5 |
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Nova Srbija |
Nova Sérvia |
8 |
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Asocijacija slobodnih i nezavisnih sindikata (Association of Free and Democratic Trade Unions) |
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- DZVM DZVM (a Vojvodina Hungarian party
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6 |
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Others 5 - Liga za Sumadiju-Koalicija Sumadija (League for Sumadia-Sumadia Coalition)
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- SPOT
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Serbian Unity Party 119,606 05.6 14
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- Partija Demokratske Akcije (Party of Democratic Action, muslim) |
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SPS/JUL - Socialisticka Partija Srbije (Serb Socialist Party, authoritarian) - Jugoslovenska Ujedinjena Levica (Jugoslav United Left, communist) |
Socialist Party of Serbia 294,376 13.7 36 SPS JUL 32.9 44 |
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Srpska Radikalna Stranka (Serb Radical Party, xenophobic) |
SRS 8.7 5 Serbian Radical Party 179,745 08.4 22
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Socijalisticka narodna partija Crne Gore (Socialist People's Party of Montenegro)
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SNP 2.2 28 |
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Srpski Pokret Obnove (Serb Renewal Movement, moderate nationalist) -
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SPO 2.2 |
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Srpska Narodna Partija Crne Gore (Serbian People's Party of Montenegro)
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SNSCG . 2 |
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Vajdasági Magyar Szövetsége/Savez Vojvodjanskih Madara (Vojvodina's Hungarian's Union, minority) |
VMSz . 1 |
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Superf. 102 milliers de km2
Pop. 11 millions
Esp. vie 72 ans
Budg. déf. 479 millions de dollars (2001)
Armée 105 500 actifs et 400 000 réservistes
JUGOSLÁVIA
Leaders of SPS
Presidents
Slobodan Milosevic 1990-1991 [picture]
Borisav Jovic 1991-1992 [picture]
Slobodan Milosevic 1992- [picture]
Zivadin Jovanovic 2001 [picture] (acting for Milosevic)
Mirko Marjanovic 2001- [picture] (acting for Milosevic)
General Secretaries
Petar Skundric 1990-1991
Milomir Minic 1991-1996 [picture]
Gorica Gajevic 1996-2000 [picture]
Zoran Andjelkovic 2000- [picture]
SPS was founded on 16 July 1990 from the merger of the ruling League of Communists of Serbia (SKS) and the minor Socialist Union of Working People's of Serbia.
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President of SRS
Vojislav Seselj 1991- [picture]
SRS was founded on 23 Feb 1991, preceeded by the Serbian Cetnik's Movement created on 18 Jul 1990 and also headed also by Vojislav Seselj.
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President of SPO
Vuk Draskovic 1990- [picture]
SPO was founded on 14 Mar 1990 as the merger of the Serbian Freedom Movement (founded on 6 Jan 1990) and the Serbian National Renewal.
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President of the Directory of JUL
Mirjana Markovic 1995- [picture]
JUL was founded on 23 Jul 1994.
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President of DS
Ljubomir Davidovic 1919-1940 (+)
Milan Grol 1940-1945 (+1952)
Dragoljub Micunovic 1990-1994 [picture]
Zoran Djindjic 1994- [picture]
DS was first founded in 1919 and banned in 1945. Established again on 11 Dec 1989 and constitued on 3 Feb 1990.
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President of DSS
Vojislav Kostunica 1992- [picture]
DS was founded by splinters of DS on 26 Jul 1992.
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Presidents of SSJ
Zeljko Raznatovic, Arkan 1993-2000 (+)a [picture]
Borislav Pelevic 2000-
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President of VMSZ/SVM
Jo?ef Kasa 1993- [picture]
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President of ND-PS
Dusan Mihajlovic 1990-2001 [picture]
Miroslav Stefanovic 2001- [picture] (acting)
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Presidents of GSS
Vesna Pesic 1993-1999 [picture]
Goran Svilanovic 1999- [picture]
GSS was registered in 1992 in the merger of the Republican Club and the Reform Party (successor party to Ante Markovic's Union of Reform Forces of Yugoslavia).
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President of DA
Nebojsa Covic 1997- [picture]
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President of LSV
Nenad Canak 1990- [picture]
LSV was founded on 14 Jul 1990.
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President of PDS
Momcilo Perisic 1998- [picture]
Slobodan Vuksanovic 2001 [picture] (acting for Perisic)
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President of KV
Dragan Veselinov 1997- [picture]
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President of DHSS
Vladan Batic 1997- [picture]
DHSS was founded on 6 May 1997.
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President of RDSV
Miodrag-Mile Isakov 199?- [picture]
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Co-presidents of NS
Velimir-Velja Ilic + [picture]
Milan Protic 1998-2000 [picture]
Velimir-Velja Ilic + [picture]
Milan Protic + [picture]
Mihajlo Markovic 2000-2001 [picture]
Velimir-Velja Ilic + [picture]
Mihajlo Markovic 2001 [picture]
Velimir-Velja Ilic 2001- [picture]
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Presidents of SD
Vuk Obradovic 1997-2001 [picture]
Meho Omerovic +
Slobodan Lalovic +
Natasa Milojevic + [picture]
Ljiljana Nestorovic 2001 [picture] (acting)
Slobodan Orlic 2001-2002 [picture] (acting)
Vuk Obradovic 2002- [picture]
Prt of SD merged with SDU to form the new SDP on 21 Apr 2002. The loyalists of Vuk Obradovic continue the single party.
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President of DSHV
Bela Tonkovic 1990- [picture]
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President of SDAS
Sulejman Ugljanin 1990-
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Presidents of DZVM
András Agoston 1990-1996
Sándor Pal 1996- [picture]
DZVM was founded on 31 Mar 1990.
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President of DC
Dragoljub Micunovic 1996- [picture]
DC was founded in Feb 1996.
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President of SDU (1997-2002)
Zarko Korac 1997-2002 [picture]
SDU merged with SD to form the new SDP on 21 Apr 2002.
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President of SSDP
Zoran Lilic 2000- [picture]
SSDP was founded by splinters of SPS on 16 Nov 2000.
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President of SDP
Rasim Ljajic 1997- [picture]
SDP was founded in 1997 by splinters of SDAS.
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Co-chairmen of SDP
Zarko Korac + [picture]
Slobodan Orlic 2002- [picture]
SDP was born on 21 Apr 2002 as the merger SDU and part of SD and a DOS member.
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Republic of Montenegro
Montenegrin Governments since 1991
Presidents
Momir Bulatovic 29 Dec 1990-15 Jan 1998 [picture] DPS
Milo Djukanovic 15 Jan 1998- [picture] DPS
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Prime ministers
Milo Djukanovic 16 Jan 1991- 5 Feb 1998 [picture] DPS
Filip Vujanovic 5 Feb 1998- [picture] DPS
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Foreign Ministers
Nikola Samardzic 1991-1992 DPS
Miodrag Lekic 1992-1995 DPS
Janko Jeknic 1995-1997 (+)k DPS
Branko Perovic 1997-2000 [picture] DPS
Branko Lukovac 2000- [picture] n-p
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Interior Ministers
Pavle Bulatovic 1991-1992 (+2000)a [picture]
Nikola Pejakovic 1992-1994
Filip Vujanovic 1994-1997 [picture]
Vukasin Maras 1997- [picture]
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Ministers of Defence
Bozidar Babic 1991-1993
Milo Djukanovic 1993 [picture]
Ministry abolished in 1993.
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Speakers of the People's Assembly
Risto Vukcevic 1990-1994
Svetozar Marovic 1994-2001 [picture]
Vesna Perovic 2001- [picture]
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Presidents of DPS
Momir Bulatovic 1990-1997 [picture]
Milica Pejanovic-Djurisic 1997-1998 [picture]
Milo Djukanovic 1998- [picture]
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President of SNPCG
Momir Bulatovic 1997-2001 [picture]
Predrag Bulatovic 2001- [picture]
Momir Bulatovic created the pro-Serbian SNPCG on 21 Mar 1998 while the DPS remained controlled by Milo Djukanovic.
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President of NSCG
Novak Kilibarda 1990-2000 [picture]
Dragan Soc 2000- [picture]
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Presidents of LSCG
Slavko Perovic 1990-1999 [picture]
Miodrag Zivkovic 1999- [picture]
LSCG was founded on 26 Jan 1990.
Grande guerra de 1914-1918. Em 20 de Julho de 1917 surgira a declaração de Corfu, publicada conjuntamente por um comité jugoslavo no exílio e pelo governo sérvio refugiado, onde se prevê a congregação dos eslavos do sul, sob a direcção da Sérvia, numa monarquia constitucional. Em 23 de Novembro de 1918, em Zagreb, um congresso nacional institui o reino dos Sérvios, Croatas e Eslovenos que, a partir de 3 de Outubro de 1929, passa a designar-se por Jugoslávia; foi então designado rei Pedro I, mas devido à sua idade, Alexandre foi proclamado imediatamente como regente; será rei, Alexandre I, entre 1921 e 1934. As fronteiras do novo Estado, então com quase 14 milhões de habitantes e 248 494 quilómetros quadrados, são fixadas pelos Tratados de Neuilly (27 de Novembro de 1919), Saint-Germain (10 de Setembro de 1919) e Trianon (4 de Junho de 1920); no novo Estado aparecem cerca de 15% de minorias não eslavas, como albaneses, húngaros, alemães e romenos; a nova bandeira reunia as corez azul da Sérvia, branca, da Croácia, e vermelha, da Eslovénia. A partir de 1929 surge uma ditadura marcada pelo centralismo, contra a reacção dos croatas, liderados pelos ustachis dirigidos por Ante Pavelic; em 9 de Outubro de 1934 o rei era asassinado em Marselha pelos nacionalistas croatas.
Em 25 de Março de 1941 a Jugoslávia aderiu ao pacto tripartido; dois dias depois, surge um golpe militar anti-alemão; em 6 de Abril, a Alemanha invade a Jugoslávia; a Croácia passa a Estado independente e recebe parte da Bósnia; a Itália anexa a Eslovénia e a Dalmácia; a Bulgária ocupa grande parte da Macedónia; a Hungria recebe parte da Voivodina. Surge uma resistência anti-alemã: de um lado, os chetniks dirigidos pelo coronel sérvio Mihaílovitch; do outro os comunistas, os partisans, dirigidos pelo croata Josip Broz, Tito; tanto os soviéticos como os restantes aliados apoiam estes últimos que conseguem instaurar uma organização administrativa; em Novembro de 1942, os titistas criam um comité antifascista de libertação nacional e em 1943, um governo provisório; em Outubro de 1944, as tropas soviéticas entram na Jugoslávia. Nas eleições de 11 de Novembro de 1945 surge uma lista única liderada pelos comunistas, a chamada Frente Nacional que consegue 90% dos votos.
Em 31 de Janeiro de 1946 estabelece-se uma nova constituição que faz da Jugoslávia uma federação de seis repúblicas (Sérvia, Croácia, Eslovénia, Bósnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro e Macedónia); o coronel Mihailovitch é executado em 17 de Julho de 1946.
