Filipinas 300 000 km2

Filipinas 300 000 km2.

Mais de sete mil ilhas. 70 700 000 habitantes. 84% de católicos. Antiga colónia espanhola até 1898. Fernão Magalhães toca no arquipélago em 1521, mas a instalação dos espanhóis apenas se consolida em 1564. Manila, fundada em 1571. Revolta anti-espanhola desencadeia-se em 1896, até à chegada dos americanos, dois anos depois. Em 1916 é concedida autonomia. Invadidas pelos japoneses em 1941. Começo da reconquista norte-americana em 1944. Proclamada a independência em Julho de 1946. Ferdinando Marcos no poder de 1965 a 1986. Declarada a lei marcial em 1972, sendo presos mais de sessenta mil oposicionistas. Corazón Aquino no poder des~de Fevereiro de 1986. Fechadas as bases norte-americanas em 31 de Dezembro de 1992. Eleito presidente o general Fidel Ramos em 11 de Maio de 1992.

Filipinas

Republika Ñg Pilipinas (Republic of the Philippines)

The results of the 10 may 2001 parliamentary and senatorial elections are not available.

Executive:

President: Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal-Arroyo (2001). Elected in 1998 as vice-president.

30 Dec 1965 - 25 Feb 1986 Ferdinand E. Marcos (b. 1917 - d. 1989)

25 Feb 1986 - 30 Jun 1992 Corazon Aquino (f) (b. 1933)

30 Jun 1992 - 30 Jun 1998 Fidel V. Ramos (b. 1928)

30 Jun 1998 - 20 Jan 2001 Joseph Estrada (b. 1937)

20 Jan 2001 - Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (f) (b. 1947)

President: %

	11 may 1998
Joseph Marcelo Ejercito Estrada	Partido ng Masang Pilipino	46.4
Jesus Claveria de Venecia	Lakas ñg Edsa- National Union of Christian Democrats	17.1
Raul Sagarbarria Roco		11.9
Emilio Mario Renner Osmeña		8.6
Alfredo Siojo Lim		7.4

Parliament:

The Kongreso/Congress has two chambers. The Kapulungan Mga Kinatawan/House of Representatives has at most 260 seats elected for a three year term, 208 seats in single seat constituencies and at most 52 seats allotted to party-lists according to proportional representation. The Senado/Senate has 24 members, elected for a six year term by proportional representation, half of them renewed every three years.

The results of the last elections (10 may 2001) are not available. Main contenders were:

People Power Coalition

- a- National Union of Christian Democrats (christian-democratic)

- United Muslim Democratic Party (islamist)

- Liberal Party

- Partido Demokratikong Pilipino (Philippines Democratic Party)

- Aksyon Demokratiko (Democratic Action)

- Partido ng Demokratikong Reporma-Lapiang Manggagawa (Democratic Reform Party)

- Probinsya Muna Development Initiative

- United Negros Alliance

Puwersa ng Masa (Power of the Masses)

- Laban ng Makabayan Masang Pilipino (Fight of the Patriotic Filipino Masses)

- - Partido ng Masang Pilipino (Party of the Filipino Masses)

- - Nationalist People's Coalition (conservative)

- - Laban ñg Demokratikong Pilipino (Struggle for Democratic Filipinos, conservative)

- People's Reform Party


Lakas ñg Eds	P. de la lutte pour des Ph. démocratiques (ldp) fondé 1987. Pt : Edgardo Angara.
	P. libéral (lp) fondé 1946. Pt : Wigberto Tanada